Numbers

1. Viens, divi, trīs

   viens, DI-vi, trīs

   One, two, three

   Usage

   Basic counting numbers

   Grammar Note

   Latvian numbers change by gender: "viens/viena", "divi/divas", etc.

2. Četri, pieci, seši

   ČET-ri, PIE-ci, SE-ši

   Four, five, six

   Usage

   Numbers four through six

   Grammar Note

   These are masculine forms. Feminine forms: "četras", "piecas", "sešas"

3. Septiņi, astoņi, deviņi, desmit

   SEP-ti-ņi, AS-to-ņi, DE-vi-ņi, DES-mit

   Seven, eight, nine, ten

   Usage

   Numbers seven through ten

   Grammar Note

   "trīs" (three) and "desmit" (ten) do not change by gender (nor do the tens such as "divdesmit")

4. Divdesmit, piecdesmit, simts

   DIV-des-mit, PIEC-des-mit, simts

   Twenty, fifty, one hundred

   Usage

   Larger numbers

   Grammar Note

   Numbers above ten are formed as "digit + desmit". "simts" means one hundred

5. Cik stundu?

   cik STUN-du?

   How many hours?

   Usage

   Used to ask about duration or opening hours

   Grammar Note

   When asking quantity, nouns take the genitive plural. "stunda" (hour) → "stundu" (gen. plural)

6. Pirmais, otrais, trešais

   PIR-mais, OT-rais, TRE-šais

   First, second, third

   Usage

   Used to express ordinal numbers

   Grammar Note

   Latvian ordinals are used as definite adjectives. They change by gender: "pirmā" (feminine)

7. Puse, ceturtdaļa

   PU-se, CE-turt-da-ļa

   Half, a quarter

   Usage

   Used to express fractions and amounts

   Grammar Note

   "puse" alone means "half". In time: "puse trīs" = half past two (half of three)

8. Divi eiro piecdesmit centu

   DI-vi EI-ro PIEC-des-mit CEN-tu

   Two euros fifty cents

   Usage

   Used to express amounts in euros

   Grammar Note

   Latvia adopted the euro in 2014. "eiro" is an indeclinable loanword that doesn't decline

9. Cik kilometru līdz pilsētai?

   cik KI-lo-met-ru līdz PIL-sē-tai?

   How many kilometers to the city?

   Usage

   Used to ask about distance

   Grammar Note

   Nouns after "Cik" take the genitive plural. "pilsētai" is the dative of "pilsēta" (city)

10. Tūkstotis, miljons

    TŪK-sto-tis, MIL-jons

    Thousand, million

    Usage

    Used for large numbers

    Grammar Note

    "tūkstotis" and "miljons" decline as nouns. Plural: "divi tūkstoši" (two thousand)

11. Man ir divdesmit septiņi gadi

    man ir DIV-des-mit SEP-ti-ņi GA-di

    I'm 27 years old

    Usage

    Giving your age — the answer to "Cik jums gadu?" (How old are you?)

    Grammar Note

    Latvian states age as "Man ir + numeral + gadi" ("I have N years"). When the compound numeral ends in one to nine, the noun stays in the nominative plural "gadi" rather than the genitive "gadu"

12. Šogad man aprit divdesmit astoņi gadi

    ŠO-gad man AP-rit DIV-des-mit AS-to-ņi GA-di

    I turn 28 this year

    Usage

    Saying what age you will reach during the current year

    Grammar Note

    "apritēt" means for a period of time to come round or be completed, and is used for reaching an age — the Education Law says "tajā kalendārajā gadā, kurā bērnam aprit 7 gadi" (in the calendar year in which the child turns seven). The present "aprit" already carries this year's reference. "šogad" is a one-word adverb for "this year"

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